Unit - 1, Scientific Learning

Unit - 1, Scientific Learning

Exercise

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words given below:

a. Practical work helps to clarify the learnt principle.

b. To prevent probable accidents in laboratories we should follow precautions.

c. We should write the report of practical work in a fixed pattern.

d. We can demonstrate by constructing different models of science.

e. Learning is a continuous process.

Tick (√) the correct alternative:

a. How does scientific learning process related with an object or event begin?

i. by doing practical work
ii. by analyzing the objects or events
iii. by curiosity raised by seeing the objects or events √
iv. by collecting data related with the objects or events

b. Which of following is the practical work done in a laboratory?

i. to separate salt crystals from the salt solution √
ii. to identify natural resources by field visit
iii. to know the function of parts of a flower by observing them
iv. to produce static electricity by rubbing a comb on hair

c. Which of following is the first part of the report of a practical work?

i. objective √
ii. result
iii. observation
iv. procedure

d. Why is title written at first in report writing?

i. It indicates the practical work. √
ii. It tells the procedure of practical work.
iii. It tells the required materials for practical work.
iv. It helps to give correct result.

3. Answer the following questions:

a. What is scientific learning?

Scientific learning is the process of gaining knowledge and understanding about the natural world by observing, questioning, experimenting, and analyzing. It helps us to find logical explanations and solutions to various problems.

b. How does scientific learning begin after seeing objects or events around us? Clarify with an example.

Scientific learning begins when we observe objects or events and ask questions about them. For example, if we see leaves moving, we may wonder, "Why are the leaves moving?" This leads to exploring concepts like wind and its effects, which can be tested and understood through experiments.

c. ‘Practical work plays an important role in science.’ Justify the statement.

Practical work is essential in science because it helps us to directly observe, test, and understand scientific theories. For example, conducting an experiment on water evaporation helps us understand how heat changes liquid into gas, making learning more interactive and clear.

d. What is report writing? Why should we write the report of practical works?

Report writing is a way of recording what we did, observed, and learned during practical work. Writing reports is important because it helps us organize our findings, share knowledge with others, and keep a record for future reference.

e. What things should be cared for while writing a report?

While writing a report, we should:

Use simple and clear language.
Write step-by-step procedures.
Include correct observations and results.
Be accurate and honest in reporting findings.

f. What components should be introduced while writing a report of the practical work done inside a laboratory? Write in short.

The components of a laboratory report include:

Title: Name of the experiment.
Aim: Purpose of the experiment.
Materials: Items used.
Procedure: Steps followed.
Observation: What we saw or recorded.
Conclusion: What we learned from the experiment.

4. Differentiate: :

a. Difference between Practical Work and Model

Practical Work	Model
Involves conducting experiments or activities to study scientific concepts directly.	A representation or simulation of a concept, object, or process, often used for explanation or demonstration.
Helps in understanding through hands-on experience.	Helps in visualizing and explaining ideas that may not be easily observable.
Example: Testing the effect of heat on water.	Example: A model of the solar system to show planet movements.

b. Difference between Observation and Result

Observation	Result
The process of carefully noticing or recording what happens during an experiment.	The outcome or conclusion derived from the experiment based on observations.
Happens during the experiment.	Comes at the end of the experiment.
Example: "The water started to boil at 100°C."	Example: "Water boils at 100°C at normal atmospheric pressure."

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